Top 10 Resume FAQs Answered by Experts
Expert answers to your most pressing resume questions
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How many keywords should I include in my resume?
Aim for 10-15 relevant keywords from the job description, naturally integrated throughout your resume. Focus on quality over quantity—ATS systems look for contextual keyword use, not just frequency. Include both the spelled-out terms and acronyms (e.g., "Search Engine Optimization" and "SEO") to maximize your chances of matching with various search queries.
Should I submit my resume as a PDF or Word document?
PDF is generally the safer choice as it preserves your formatting across all devices and systems. Most modern ATS can parse PDFs effectively. However, if the job posting specifically requests a Word document, follow those instructions. Regardless of format, use a clean, standard design without tables, headers/footers, or text boxes that might confuse ATS systems.
How long should my resume be?
For most professionals, a one-page resume is ideal. Those with 10+ years of relevant experience may extend to two pages. Focus on quality over quantity—each bullet point should demonstrate impact, not just responsibilities. Remember that recruiters typically spend only 6-8 seconds scanning a resume initially, so prioritize your most impressive and relevant achievements.
Should I include a photo on my resume?
In the US, Canada, UK, and Australia, photos on resumes are generally discouraged to avoid potential bias and discrimination issues. Photos can also cause formatting problems with ATS systems. The exception is if you're applying for acting, modeling, or certain international positions where photos are customary. Instead, include your LinkedIn profile URL where employers can see your professional image.
How far back should my work history go?
Generally, include the last 10-15 years of relevant work experience. For most industries, employers are primarily interested in your recent roles and accomplishments. If you have highly relevant experience from more than 15 years ago, consider adding a brief "Earlier Career" section with company names and titles only, or highlight those transferable skills in your summary section instead.
Should I customize my resume for each job application?
Yes, absolutely. Tailoring your resume for each position significantly increases your chances of getting an interview. Analyze the job description and adjust your skills, achievements, and summary to match the specific requirements. This approach helps you pass ATS screening and shows the hiring manager you're a perfect fit. Even small adjustments to highlight relevant experience can make a big difference.
What's the best resume format for my situation?
For most candidates, the reverse-chronological format (listing your most recent experience first) works best as it's what employers expect and ATS systems can easily parse. If you're changing careers or have employment gaps, consider a hybrid format that emphasizes skills while still maintaining a clear work history. Functional resumes that focus solely on skills without clear timelines may raise red flags with recruiters.
How do I explain employment gaps on my resume?
Address gaps honestly but strategically. For short gaps (less than 6 months), using years instead of months in your employment dates may be sufficient. For longer gaps, briefly explain them in your cover letter or consider listing productive activities during that time (education, freelance work, volunteering, caregiving responsibilities). Focus on skills developed during the gap that are relevant to the position you're seeking.
Should I include references on my resume?
No, don't include references directly on your resume. The phrase "References available upon request" is also unnecessary as it's assumed you'll provide references if asked. Instead, prepare a separate reference sheet with 3-5 professional contacts to provide when requested. Always notify your references in advance when you're actively job searching and give them context about the positions you're applying for.
How can I check if my resume is ATS-friendly?
Use our free ATS Resume Checker to evaluate your resume against specific job descriptions. Ensure you're using a clean, standard format without tables, headers/footers, or graphics. Use conventional section headings and file formats (.docx or .pdf). Test your resume by copying and pasting the text into a plain text document—if the information remains intact and readable, it's likely ATS-friendly.
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